[1] 1956年2月3日，本－古里安在CBS电视台上接受爱德华·R·默罗采访时发表的这一言论。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v＝4Oo75OQmHAw[Last viewed on March 15，2016].
[2] Mark Twain, “Concerning the Jews,” Harper's Magazine, March 1898.
第一章[1] Lawrence Epstein, The Dream of Zion: The Story of the First Zionist Congress (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), p.16.
[2] Robert M. Seltzer, Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History (New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1980), p.632.
[3] Yaacov Shavit and Jehuda Reinharz, Glorious, Accursed Europe (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2010), p.88.
[4] Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Schocken Books, 1976), p.60.
[5] David Patterson, “Introduction,” in Abraham Mapu, trans. Joseph Marymount, The Love of Zion & Other Writings (Israel: Toby Press, 2006), p. xvi.
[6] AlexBein, trans. Maurice Samuel, Theodor Herzl: A Biography (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1940), p.232.
[7] Shlomo Avineri, trans. Haim Watzman, Herzl: Theodor Herzl and the Foundation of the Jewish State (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2008), p.33.
[8] Amos Elon, The Pity of It All: A Portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch 1743—1933 (New York: Picador, 2002), p.213.
[9] Bein, trans. Samuel, Theodor Herzl, p.37.
[10] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, p.85 (quoting Herzl's diary) .
[11] Bein, trans. Samuel, Theodor Herzl, p.19.
[12] Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul (New York: Basic Books, 2000), pp.84—85.
[13] Conversation between the author and David Matlow, of Toronto, Canada. See also Raphael Patai, The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996), p.347.
[14] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, pp.61—62.
[15] Ibid., p.78.
[16] Ibid., p.69.
[17] Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State (New York: Dover Publications, 1989), p.47.
[18] Ibid., pp.92—93.
[19] Ibid., p.76.
[20] Ibid.
[21] Hazony, The Jewish State, pp.99—100.
[22] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, p.116.
[23] Patterson, “Introduction,” in Mapu, trans. Marymount, The Love of Zion, p. xiv.
[24] 长期以来，人们认为赫斯的妻子西比尔·佩希当过妓女，赫斯因为男性长期欺负贫困女性而娶她为妻，以此作为为男性赎罪的一种方式。但是，对于佩希的个人背景，学术界目前已出现了争议。
[25] MosesHess, The Revival of Israel: Rome and Jerusalem, the Last Nationalist Question (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995), p.x.
[26] 很多人错误地认为赫斯书名中的“罗马”指的是罗马共和国。事实上，赫斯宣称，犹太人应当效仿近代意大利的民族主义，在巴勒斯坦开展犹太民族运动。参见Epstein, The Dream of Zion，p.6。
[27] Eric Cohen, “The Spirit of Jewish Conservatism,” Mosaic (April 6, 2015), http://mosaicmagazine.com/essay/2015/04/the-spirit-of-jewish-cons-ervatism/[Last viewed April 6, 2015].
[28] Laqueur, A History of Zionism, p.54.
[29] Ibid., p.53.
[30] Arthur Hertzberg, ed., The Zionist Idea (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1997), p.32.
[31] Ibid., p.188.
[32] Ibid., p.195.
[33] Bein, trans. Samuel, Theodor Herzl, p.226.
[34] Ibid., p.230.
[35] Ze'ev Tzahor, “Chaim Arlosoroff and His Attitude toward the Rise of Nazism,” Jewish Social Studies, Vol.46, No.3/4 (Summer-Autumn 1984), p.322.
[36] Epstein, The Dream of Zion, p.86.
[37] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, p.141.
[38] Ibid., p.1.
[39] Epstein, The Dream of Zion, p.83.
[40] Theodor Herzl, Old New Land (Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997), p.248.
[41] Ibid., p.174.
[42] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, p.167.
第二章[1] George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, introduction by Edmund White, notes by Dr. Hugh Osborne (New York: Modern Library, 2002), page 15.《丹尼尔·德隆达》最早由William Blackwood and Sons出版社于1876年2月至9月分8部分出版。1878年12月重新出版，书中讨论犹太生活和习俗的章节被修改。
[2] Genesis 12: 1.
[3] Genesis 12: 7.
[4] Exodus 1：9—10.对这句话人们有不同的解读。犹太出版协会（JPS）版圣经翻译成“从此地上升”，显然是参考了Ehrlich在Mikrah Kifshuto中的观点。《巴比伦塔木德》（Sotah 11a）认为法老想表达的是犹太人将“获得相对于本国的优势”，但这种理解离经文字面意思太远，理解成“离开这地区了”能够呼应《创世记》中提到的犹太人流散到此地的经文，因此这种简单的翻译方法更可取。
[5] Deuteronomy 7: 1.
[6] Alex Bein, trans. Maurice Samuel, Theodor Herzl: A Biography (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1940), p.232.
[7] Jeremiah 29: 5—6.
[8] Psalms 137: 1.
[9] Psalms 126: 1—6.
[10] II Chronicles 36: 23.
[11] J. Maxwell Miller and John H. Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel and Judah (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), p.509.
[12] Jerome Murphy-O'Connor and Barry Cunliffe, The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp.378—381.
[13] Hayim Ben-Sasson, ed., A History of the Jewish People (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976), p.332.
[14] Bein, trans. Samuel, Theodor Herzl, p.232.
第三章[1] Monty Noam Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” Modern Judaism, Vol.24, No.3 (2004), p.199.除非另有标注，本章中关于基希涅夫事件的内容皆参考此文。
[2] Winston Churchill, “MIT Mid-Century Convocation, March 31, 1949,” MIT Institute Archives, https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/midcentury/mid-cent-churchill.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[3] Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” p.187.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid., p.188.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Ibid., p.211.
[8] David G. Roskies, ed., The Literature of Destruction: Jewish Responses to Catastrophe (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1988), p.162.
[9] Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” p.199.
[10] Ibid.
[11] Lawrence Epstein, The Dream of Zion: The Story of the First Zionist Congress (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), p.97.
[12] Shlomo Avineri, trans. Haim Watzman, Herzl: Theodor Herzl and the Foundation of the Jewish State (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2008), p.241.
[13] Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” p.199.
[14] Avineri, trans. Watzman, Herzl, p.245.
[15] Ibid., p.259.
[16] Ella Florsheim, “Giving Herzl His Due,” Azure, No.21 (Summer 5765/2005), p.21, http://azure.org.il/include/print.php?id=182[Last viewed May 1, 2016].
[17] Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” p.194.
[18] Steven J. Zipperstein, Elusive Prophet: Ahad Ha'am and the Origins of Zionism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p.11.
[19] Ibid., p.14.
[20] Ibid., pp.18—19.
[21] AhadHa'am, “The Jewish State and the Jewish Problem,” in Arthur Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1997), p.268.
[22] Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul (New York: Basic Books, 2000), p.127.
[23] Zipperstein, Elusive Prophet, p.129.
[24] Arthur Hertzberg, ed., The Zionist Idea (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1997), pp.54—55.
[25] Isaiah 2: 3.
[26] Alan Dowty, “Much Ado About Little: Ahad Ha' Am's 'Truth from Eretz Yisrael,' Zionism, and the Arabs,” Israel Studies, Vol.5, No.2 (Fall 2000), p.161 (quoting Ahad Ha'am) . Italics added.
[27] Max Nordau, “Jewry of Muscle,” in Paul Mendes-Flohr and Yehuda Reinharz, The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp.547—548.
[28] Penkower, “The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903,” p.209.
[29] Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky, “The Basis of the Betarian Viewpoint Consists of One Idea: The Jewish State: The Ideology of Betar,” World Zionist Organization, http://www.wzo.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=articles&op=item&cs=3360&langpage=eng&category=3122&mode=print[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[30] Raymond P. Scheindlin, A ShortHistory of the Jewish People: From Legendary Times to Modern Statehood (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.224.
[31] A. D. Gordon, “Logic for the Future (1910),” in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p.373.
[32] Yehudah Mirsky, Rav Kook: Mystic in a Time of Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), p.65.
[33] Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, pp.291—292.
[34] Micah Joseph Berdyczewski, “Wrecking and Building,” in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p.293.
[35] Babylonian Talmud, Ketubbot 111a.
[36] Alan Nadler, “Piety and Politics: The Case of the Satmar Rebbe,” Judaism, Vol.31 (Spring 1982), p.40.
[37] Alan Lelchuk and Gershon Shaked, 8 Great Hebrew Short Novels (New Milford, CT: Toby Press, 2012), Kindle Edition, Location 1029.
第四章[1] 这句话被很多人引用过，包括前总理阿里埃勒·沙龙，参见http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/MediaCenter/Speeches/Pages/speech040105.aspx。
[2] Hani A. Faris, “Israel Zangwill's Challenge to Zionism,” Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol.4, No.3 (Spring 1975), p.81.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p.23.
[5] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.28.
[6] Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008), p.6.
[7] David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East (New York: Henry Holt, 2009), p.36.
[8] Yehudah Mirsky, Rav Kook: Mystic in a Time of Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), p.59.
[9] Ibid., pp.59—60.
[10] Ibid., p.50.
[11] Sachar, A History of Israel, p.82.
[12] Yaffah Berlovitz, Inventing a Land, Inventing a People (Tel Aviv: Hotza'at HaKibbutz HaMeuchad, 1996), p.55[In Hebrew].
[13] Theodor Herzl, trans. I. M. Lask, The Jewish State (Tel Aviv: M. Newman Publishing House, 1954), p.134.
[14] Mirsky, Rav Kook, p.54.
[15] Ibid., pp.53—54.
[16] Berlovitz, Inventing a Land, pp.18—19.
[17] Ibid., p.20.
[18] Mirsky, Rav Kook, p.66.
[19] Ruth Kark, “Changing Patterns of Landownership in Nineteenth-Century Palestine: The European Influence,” Journal of Historical Geography, Vol.10, No.4 (1984), pp.357—384.
[20] Nurit Govrin, Roots and Tops: The Imprint of the First Aliyah in Hebrew Literature (Tel Aviv: Papyrus and Tel Aviv University, 1981), p.43[In Hebrew].
[21] Mirsky, Rav Kook, p.68.
[22] Ibid., pp.68—69.
[23] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.46.
[24] Tali Asher, “The Growing Silence of the Poetess Rachel,” in Ruth Kark, Margarit Shilo, and Galit Hasan-Rokem, eds., Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2008), p.245.
[25] Rachel Bluwstein, “Perhaps,” Palestine-Israel Journal, Vol.3, Nos.3 and 4 (1996), http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=536[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[26] S. Ilan Troen, Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003), Kindle Edition, Locations 1358—1361.
[27] Ibid., Locations 1368—1369.
[28] Tom Segev, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Trans formed the Middle East (New York: Henry Holt, 2007), p.442.
[29] Troen, Imagining Zion, Location 1541.
[30] Ibid., Location 1566.
[31] Ibid., Location 1609.
[32] Sachar, A History of Israel, p.83.
[33] Troen, Imagining Zion, Location 1609.
[34] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.24.
第五章[1] Shmuel Katz, Lone Wolf: A Biography of Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky (Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 1995), p.136.
[2] Edward Grey, Viscount of Fallodon, Twenty-Five Years 1892—1916 (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1925), p.20.
[3] 赫茨尔在世时，雅博廷斯基也曾向土耳其统治阶级提出建立犹太国的方案，但土耳其人因为担心“更多非穆斯林力量进入中东会成为欧洲干预此地的理由”，拒绝了雅博廷斯基的提议。Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel：A History（Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012）, p.22.
[4] Katz, Lone Wolf, p.177.
[5] 引用自哈伊姆·魏茨曼在雷霍沃特故居的展览，现在那里成为一个博物馆。
[6] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.71.
[7] Jonathan Schneer, The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2012), p.197.
[8] John Bew, “The Tragic Cycle: Western Powers and the Middle East,” New Statesman (August 21, 2014), http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2014/08/tragic-cycle-western-powers-and-middle-east[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[9] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.73.
[10] Cecil Bloom, “Sir Mark Sykes: British Diplomat and a Convert to Zionism,” Jewish Historical Studies, Vol.43 (2011), p.142.
[11] Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Schocken Books, 1976), p.186.许多人都持这一观点，但并非每个人都认为丙酮和《贝尔福宣言》有关系，有的学者认为这只是民间传说。
[12] Arthur James Balfour, “Balfour Declaration” (1917), The Avalon Project, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/balfour.asp[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[13] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.73.
[14] Eitan Bar Yosef, “The Last Crusade? British Propaganda and the Palestine Campaign, 1917—18,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.36, No.1 (January 2001), p.100.
[15] 1914年，伊休夫就购买了斯科普斯山的土地，但由于第一次世界大战的爆发，希伯来大学到1918年才开始动工修建。
[16] Seth M. Siegel, Let There Be Water: Israel's Solution for a Water-Starved World (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015), p.22.
[17] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.9.
[18] Ibid., pp.45—46.
[19] Siegel, Let There Be Water, p.28.
[20] Shlomo Avineri, lecture at the Shazar Center in Jerusalem on December 30, 2014.
[21] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2014), p.28.
[22] Michael Makovsky, Churchill's Promised Land: Zionism and Statecraft (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), Kindle Edition, Location 1463.
[23] Martin Gilbert, Churchill and the Jews: A Lifelong Friendship (New York: Henry Holt, 2007), p.50.
[24] Tom Segev, trans. Haim Watzman, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate (New York: Little, Brown, 2000), p.104.
[25] Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p.186.
[26] Ze'ev Jabotinsky, “The Iron Wall,” Jewish Virtual Library, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/ironwall.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[27] Ibid.
[28] Hillel Cohen, Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1929 (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2015), p.xvii.
[29] Jeffrey Goldberg, “The Paranoid, Supremacist, Roots of the Stabbing Intifada,” Atlantic (October 16, 2015), http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/the-roots-of-the-palestinian-uprising-against-isr-ael/410944/[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[30] Schneer, The Balfour Declaration, p.375.
[31] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Location 2481.
[32] Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul (New York: Basic Books, 2000), p.210.
[33] Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.36.
第六章[1] Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (Boring, OR: CPA Book Publisher, 2000), p.184.
[2] Tuvia Friling, trans. Ora Cummings, Arrows in the Dark: David Ben-Gurion, the Yishuv Leadership, and Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust, VolumeI (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005), p.16.
[3] Hava Eshkoli-Wagman, “Yishuv Zionism: Its Attitude to Nazism and the Third Reich Reconsidered,” Modern Judaism, Vol.19, No.1 (February 1999), p.26.
[4] Colin Shindler, “Zionist History's Murder Mystery,” Jewish Chronicle Online (June 16, 2013), http://www.thejc.com/comment-and-debate/comment/108596/zionist-historys-murder-mystery[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[5] Tom Segev, trans. Haim Watzman, The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust (New York: Henry Holt, 1991), p.21.
[6] Ibid., p.25.
[7] Nina S. Spiegel, Embodying Hebrew Culture (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013), p.22.
[8] Ibid., p.135.
[9] Ibid., p.7.
[10] Abba Hillel Silver, Moshe Shertok, and Chaim Weizmann, “Before the United Nations: October 1947,” p.7. Copy on file with the author.
[11] Benny Morris, One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Location 523.
[12] Translation of Uri Zvi Greenberg, “One Truth and Not Two,” is from Neta Stahl, “Jesus and the Pharisees Through the Eyes of TwoHebrew Writers: A Contrarian Perspective,” Hebrew Studies, Vol.56, No.1 (December 11, 2015) .
[13] Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul (New York: Basic Books, 2000), p.231.
[14] Ibid., p.232.
[15] Friling, trans. Cummings, Arrows in the Dark, p.19.
[16] Ibid.
[17] Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p.219.
[18] Dina Porat, The Blue and the Yellow Stars of David: The Zionist Leadership in Palestine and the Holocaust, 1939—1945 (Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 1990), p.2.
[19] Zephaniah 1: 15.
[20] Sachar, A History of Israel, p.226.
[21] Jack L. Schwartzwald, Nine Lives of Israel: A Nation's History Through the Lives of Its Foremost Leaders (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2012), p.33.
[22] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.101.
[23] Mike Lanchin, “SSSt Louis: The Ship of Jewish Refugees Nobody Wanted,” BBC World Service (May 13, 2014), http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27373131[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[24] Alan Guggenheim and Adam Guggenheim, “Doomed from the Start,” Naval History, Vol.18, No.1 (February 2004), pp.46—51.
[25] Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins, Death on the Black Sea: The Untold Story of theStrumaand World War II's Holocaust at Sea (London: HarperCollins, 2003), p.254.
[26] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (NewYork: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Locations 4035—4037.
[27] Geneviève Pitot, trans. Donna Edouard, The Story of the Jewish Detainees in Mauritius 1940—1945 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), p.129.
[28] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.151. Morris, Righteous Victims, p.22, suggests numbers slightly lower.
[29] Segev, trans. Watzman, The Seventh Million, p.22.
[30] Friling, trans. Cummings, Arrows in the Dark, p.47.
[31] Morris, Righteous Victims, pp.162—163.
[32] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.112.
第七章[1] Menachem Begin, trans. Samuel Katz, The Revolt (1951; reprint Bnei Brak, Israel: Steimatzky, 2007), pp.59—60.
[2] Interview with the author, April 18, 2013.
[3] Bruce Hoffman, Anonymous Soldiers: The Struggle for Israel: 1917—1947 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2015), p.333.
[4] 关于这一事件有不同的记录。马丁·吉尔伯特（Israel：A History[New York: Harper Perennial, 1998]，pp.118—119）认为莫因6日被杀，西纳什4日被杀。但其他的历史记录认为西纳什死在莫因被刺杀的前一天，因此两个事件存在因果关系。
[5] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2014), p.138.
[6] Lawrence Epstein, The Dream of Zion: The Story of the First Zionist Congress (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), p.120.
[7] Eric Lichtblau, “Surviving the Nazis, Only to Be Jailed by America,” New York Times (February 7, 2015), http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/sunday-review/surviving-the-nazis-only-to-be-jailed-by-america.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[8] Ibid.
[9] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.121.
[10] Yehuda Avner, interview with the author on October 24, 2012.
[11] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.138—139.
[12] Hoffman, Anonymous Soldiers, p.379.
[13] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.145.
[14] Ibid.
[15] 不同学者给出的数据略有不同，柯林·辛德勒认为犹太人为528000人，阿拉伯人为397000人。Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel，2nd ed.（New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013）p.45.
[16] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.149.
[17] “CIA Report on the Consequences of the Partition of Palestine,” p.18. Copy on file with the author.
[18] David McCullough, Truman (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), Kindle Edition, Locations 11804—11836.
[19] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.150.
[20] iCenter, “The Story of a Vote, Nov.29, 1947,” iCenter (November 4, 2012), http://www.theicenter.org/voice/story-vote-nov-29-1947.
[21] 对于这一事件的历史记录也存在不同版本：阿巴·埃班在自传中说，投票日期在11月26日（周二）和11月27日（周三）分别因为申请和阻挠而被推迟，周四是感恩节，因此最终投票日期为11月29日（周五）。埃班的传记作家Asaf Siniver说投票日期原计划在周三，但最终推迟到周六。安妮塔·沙皮拉在书中说是周五举行的投票，本尼·莫里斯说是在周六。
[22] Asaf Siniver, Abba Eban: A Biography (New York and London: Overlook Duckworth, 2015), p.91.
[23] Shlomo Avineri, trans. Haim Watzman, Herzl: Theodor Herzl and the Foundation of the Jewish State (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008), p.141 (quoting Herzl's diary) .
[24] A. A. P., “U. N. O. Passes Palestine Partition Plan,” Morning Herald (December 1, 1947), http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/134238148[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[25] Amos Oz, trans. Nicholas de Lange, A Tale of Love and Darkness (Orlando: Harcourt, 2004), p.359.
[26] Ibid.
[27] Michael Bar-Zohar, trans. Peretz Kidron, Ben-Gurion: A Biography, The New Millennium Edition (Israel: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2013), Kindle Edition, Location 3028.
[28] Daniel Gordis, Saving Israel: How the Jewish People Can Win a War That May Never End (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009), p.170.Ha'aretzattributed this language to Weizmann on December 15, 1947, just two weeks after the United Nations voted to partition Palestine.
[29] Exodus 19: 15.
[30] Exodus 19: 10.
[31] Nadav Shragai, “The Legend of Ambushed Palmach Squad '35,'” Ha'aretz (April 27, 2009), http://www.haaretz.com/the-legend-of-ambushed-palmach-squad-35-1.274876[Last viewed December 7, 2015].第一个版本是本－古里安几天后在马帕伊党悼念这一事件的发言中提到的，本－古里安的信息来源显然是一位可能出现在现场但没有参与屠杀的阿拉伯人。第二个版本是61年后约卡南·本－雅科夫提供的，他出生在埃齐翁村，在这场战争中他失去了父母。
[32] Tamar S. Drukker, “'I Am a Civil War': The Poetry of Haim Gouri,” in Hugh Kennedy, ed., Warfare and Poetry in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp.242—243.
[33] Mati Alon, Holocaust and Redemption (Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing, 2013), p.168.
[34] Yossi Melman, “Jews, Just Like Arabs, Hid Weapons in Immoral Places,” Ha'aretz (January 27, 2011) .
[35] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.161.
[36] Ibid., pp.157—158.
[37] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Location 6208.
[38] 本尼·莫里斯是国际知名的以色列“新历史学家”，写了大量指责以色列过度使用军力的文章。但他认为在这一事件中，对国防军犯有强奸罪的指控站不住脚。多数当代历史学家认为死亡人数在100—120人之间。阿拉伯历史学家也改变了先前的看法，1987年，两位来自约旦河西岸城市拉马拉Birzeit大学的学者在对当事人采访基础上发布了一份报告，认为当时的死亡人数为107人，报告中没有提到强奸行为。报告内容和贝京的判断基本一致。Cf. Benny Morris, “The Historiography of Deir Yassin,” Journal of Israeli History：Politics，Society，Culture，Vol.24，No.1 (August 2006), p.87. See also my more detailed summary of the battle and the ways in which it was used by various parties inMenachem Begin：The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), Chapter 6, “Deadly Road to Jerusalem.”
[39] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.179—180.
第八章[1] Bruce Hoffman, Anonymous Soldiers: The Struggle for Israel: 1917—1947 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2015) Kindle Edition, Location 8282.
[2] Ariel Feldestein, “One Meeting—Many Descriptions: The Resolution on the Establishment of the State of Israel,” Israel Studies Forum, Vol.23, No.2 (Winter 2008), p.104.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008), p.177.
[5] Ibid., p.178.
[6] “Israel's Declaration of Independence 1948,” Avalon Project, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[7] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.180.
[8] II Samuel 23: 3.
[9] Yehudah Mirsky, “What Is a Nation-State For?” Marginalia (March 11, 2015), http://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/nation-state-yehudah-mirsky/[Lastviewed December 7, 2015].
[10] Genesis 32: 28.
[11] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.164.
[12] Amira Lam, “Peres Recalls Declaration of Independence: We Didn't Have Time to Celebrate,” Ynetnews.com (December 21, 2014), http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4606090,00.html.
[13] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 3 at 29: 25.
[14] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.192.
[15] Morris, 1948, p.237.
[16] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.165.
[17] Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p.55.
[18] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.207—208.
[19] Morris, 1948, p.142.
[20] Ibid., p.159.
[21] Ibid.
[22] Ibid., p.365.
[23] Ibid., p.266.
[24] Ibid., p.268.
[25] 阿亚龙博物馆的展览上提到了捷克武器上的纳粹标志，这一点在本尼·莫里斯给作者的邮件中得到证实。他写道：“来自捷克的武器是德国标准的毛瑟枪和MG机枪。其中大量印有纳粹标志，可能是1945年5月为德国生产的武器。（捷克生产的梅塞施米特式战斗机也是同样情况）”E-mail, dated May 1, 2016, on file with the author.
[26] See, forexample, Eliezer Cohen, trans. Yonatan Gordis, Israel's Best Defense: The First Full Story of the Israeli Air Force (New York: Orion Books, 1993), pp.7—60. See alsoAbove and Beyond (Playmount Productions and Katahdin Productions, produced by Nancy Spielberg, 2015) at 15: 20.
[27] Above and Beyondat 38: 20.
[28] Above and Beyondat 43: 00.
[29] Above and Beyondat 50: 40.
[30] Above and Beyondat 51: 30.
[31] Translation by the author. Photograph of the memorandum on file with the author.
[32] Jerold S. Auerbach, Brothers at War: Israel and the Tragedy of theAltalena (New Orleans: Quid Pro Books, 2011), p.50.
[33] Yehuda Lapidot, trans. Chaya Galai, “The Altalena Affair,” Etzel, http://www.etzel.org.il/english/ac20.htm[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[34] Zvi Harry Hurwitz, Begin: His Life, Words, and Deeds (Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing, 2004), p.27.
[35] Avi Shilon, trans. Danielle Zilberberg and Yoram Sharett, Menachem Begin: A Life (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), p.130.
[36] Auerbach, Brothers at War, p.109.
[37] Michael Oren, “Did Israel Want the Six Day War?,” Azure (Spring 5759/1999), p.47.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Ilan Pappe, “A Post-Zionist Critique of Israel and the Palestinians, Part II: The Media,” inJournal of Palestine Studies (Spring 1997), pp.37—43, cited in Oren, “Did Israel Want the Six Day War?,” p.48.
[40] Ari Shavit, My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013), p.108.
[41] Ibid., p.132.
[42] See Martin Kramer, “What Happened at Lydda,” Mosaic (July 1, 2014), http://mosaicmagazine.com/essay/2014/07/what-happened-at-lydda/.
[43] Benny Morris, “Zionism's 'Black Boxes,'” Mosaic (July 13, 2014), http://mosaicmagazine.com/response/2014/07/zionisms-black-boxes/[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[44] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.218.
[45] NadavMan, “1st IDF Parade from Behind the Lens,” Ynetnews.com (December 13, 2008), http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3637748,00.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[46] Ari Shavit, “Survival of the Fittest? An Interview with Benny Morris,” Ha'aretz (January 8, 2004), http://www.haaretz.com/survival-of-the-fttest-1.61345[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[47] Shilon, trans. Zilberberg and Sharett, Menachem Begin: A Life, p.137.
[48] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.172.
[49] Morris, 1948, p.406.
第九章[1] Pinhas Alpert and Dotan Goren, eds., Diary of a Muchtar in Jerusalem: The History of the Beit Yisrael Neighborhood and its Surroundings in the Writings of Rabbi Moshe Yekutiel Alpert (1938—1952) (Ramat Gan, Israel: Bar Ilan University Press, 2013), pp.173—174[In Hebrew]. English translation from Vered Kellner, “Longings and Disappointments: A Voter in Exile in New York,” Ha'aretz (January 18, 2013), http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/longings-and-disappointments-a-voter-in-exile-in-new-york.premium-1.494743[Last viewed August 5, 2016].
[2] Vered Kellner, “Longings and Disappointments: A Voter in Exile in New York,” Ha'aretz (January 18, 2013), online at http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/longings-and-disappointments-a-voter-in-exile-in-new-york.premium-1.494743[Lastviewed August 5, 2016].
[3] Jewish Telegraphic Agency, “Israel to Vote Today in First National Elections; Campaign Reaches High Peak” (January 25, 1949), http://www.jta.org/1949/01/25/archive/israel-to-vote-today-in-first-national-elections-campaign-reaches-high-peak[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[4] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 21 at 00: 35.
[5] “Moving Ceremony Marks Reburial of Herzl's Remains; Israeli Cabinet in Full Attendance,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, http://www.jta.org/1949/08/18/archive/moving-ceremony-marks-reburial-of-herzls-remains-israeli-cabinet-in-full-attendance.
[6] Theodor Herzl, trans. I. M. Lask, The Jewish State (Tel Aviv: M. Newman Publishing House, 1954), p.137.
[7] Ibid., p.151.
[8] JTA, “Of Weizmann's Address Opening Session of Israeli Constituent Assembly” (February 15, 1949), http://www.jta.org/1949/02/15/archive/of-chaim-weizmanns-address-opening-session-of-israeli-constituent-assembly[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[9] Ibid.
[10] Ibid.
[11] Robert Frost, “The Death of the Hired Man” (North of Boston, 1915), Bartleby.com, http://www.bartleby.com/118/3.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[12] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.208.
[13] “Displacement of Jews from Arab Countries 1948—2012,” Justice for Jews from Arab Countries, http://www.justiceforjews.com/main_facts.html[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[14] Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p.64.
[15] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: AHistory, KindleEdition, Locations 5437—5443.
[16] Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, p.93.
[17] Golda Meir, My Life (New York: Dell Publishing, 1975), pp.250—251.
[18] Esther Meir-Glitzenstein, “Operation Magic Carpet: Constructing the Myth of the Magical Immigration of Yemenite Jews to Israel,” Israel Studies, Vol.16, No.3 (Fall 2011), p.150.
[19] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, Kindle Edition, Location 5453.
[20] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Fifty Years of Education in the State of Israel,” http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/israelat50/pages/fifty%20years%20of%20education%20in%20the%20state%20of%20israel.aspx.
[21] Herzl, trans. Lask, The Jewish State, p.16.
[22] Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, p.94.
[23] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.231.
[24] Seth J. Frantzman, “David Ben-Gurion, Israel's Segregationist Founder,” Forward (May 18, 2015), http://forward.com/opinion/israel/308306/ben-gurion-israels-segregationist-founder/[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[25] Ibid.
[26] Nir Kedar, “Ben-Gurion's Mamlakhtiyut: Etymological and Theor-etical Roots,” Israel Studies, Vol.7, No.3 (Fall 2002), p.129.
[27] Tekumah, Episode 17 at 12: 00.
[28] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.199.
[29] Tamara Traubman, “A Mystery That Defes Solution,” Ha'aretz (November 5, 2001), http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/a-mystery-that-defes-solution-1.73913[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[30] Moshe Reinfeld, “State Commission: Missing Yemenite Babies Not Kidnapped,” Ha'aretz (November 4, 2001), http://www.haaretz.com/news/state-commission-missing-yemenite-babies-not-kidnapped-1.73778[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[31] “15, 000% Growth in Army Exemptions for Yeshiva Students since 1948,” Hiddush website, http://hiddush.org/article-2338-0-15000Growth_in_army_exemptions_for_yeshiva_students_since1948.aspx[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[32] Tekumah, Episode 11 at 31: 45.
[33] Tekumah, Episode 11 at 20: 15.
[34] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.197.
[35] David Ben-Gurion, Like Stars and Dust: Essays from Israel's Government Year Book (Ramat Gan, Israel: Masada Press, 1976), p.147. The translation from the Hebrew by the author. This passage also appears in mySaving Israel: How the Jewish People Can Win a War That May Never End (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009), p.154.
[36] Jacob Blaustein, “The Voice of Reason: Address by Jacob Blaustein, President, The American Jewish Committee, at the Meeting of Its Executive Committee, April 29, 1950,” American Jewish Committee Archives, http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/507.PDF, p.11.[Last viewed December 8, 2015]. Italics in original, p.9.
[37] Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2007), p.520.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Blaustein, “The Voice of Reason,” p.11. Italics original.
[40] Ibid., p.10. Italics original.
[41] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.179.
第十章[1] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.274.
[2] 关于以色列人死亡人数存在很大争议。马丁·吉尔伯特认为967名以色列人死于这些袭击。（Martin Gilbert, The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict[New York: Routledge, 2005], p.58.）但本尼·莫里斯说这个数字“纯粹是胡说”。（Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949—1956：Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War[Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993], p.101.）保守估计有几百人。
[3] Morris, Israel'sBorderWars, 1949—1956, KindleEdition, Locations 3037—3049.
[4] Ibid., Locations 3123—3128.
[5] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), pp.289—290.
[6] S. Yizhar, trans. Nicolas de Lange and Yaacob Dweck, Khirbet Khizeh: A Novel (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014), p.100.
[7] Ibid., pp.103—104.
[8] Noah Efron, “The Price of Return,” Ha'aretz (November 23, 2008), http://www.haaretz.com/news/the-price-of-return-1.258035[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[9] Robert Slater, Warrior Statesman: The Life of Moshe Dayan (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991), p.149.
[10] Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949—1956, Locations 3037—3049.
[11] David Landau, Arik: The Life of Ariel Sharon (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), p.7.
[12] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.292.
[13] Zvi Ganin, An Uneasy Relationship: American Jewish Leadership and Israel, 1948—1957 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005), pp.190—191.
[14] Landau, Arik, pp.26—27.
[15] Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949—1956, Locations 3293—3299.
[16] Translation from Mitch Ginsburg, “When Moshe Dayan Delivered the Defning Speech of Zionism,” Times of Israel (April 26, 2016), http://www.timesofisrael.com/when-moshe-dayan-delivered-the-defning-speech-of-zionism/[Last viewed on May 8, 2016]. See also Aluf Benn, “Doomed to Fight” (May 9, 2011), Ha'aretz, http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/doomed-to-fght-1.360698[Lastviewed December 8, 2015].
[17] Ginsburg, “When Moshe Dayan Delivered the Defning Speech of Zionism.” See also Chemi Shalev, “Moshe Dayan's Enduring Gaza Eulogy: This Is the Fate of Our Generation,” Ha'aretz (July 20, 2014), http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/west-of-eden/.premium-1.606258[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[18] Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949—1956, Locations 208—213.
[19] Ibid.
[20] Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p.486.
[21] Ibid., p.487.
[22] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.315.
[23] Ibid., p.317.
[24] Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949—1956, Location 7962.
[25] Michael B. Oren, “The Second War of Independence,” Azure, No.27 (Winter 5767/2007) .
[26] Sachar, A History of Israel, p.483.
[27] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.326—327.
[28] Golda Meir, My Life (New York: Dell Publishing, 1975), p.59.
[29] Yehuda Avner, The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership (Jerusalem: Toby Press, 2010), Kindle Edition, Locations 1822—1829.
[30] Ibid.
第十一章[1] David Mikics, “Holocaust Pulp Fiction,” Tablet Magazine (April 19, 2012), http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/97160/ka-tzetnik.
[2] Deborah E. Lipstadt, The Eichmann Trial (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2011), p.3.
[3] Ibid., pp.21—22.
[4] Ibid., pp.24—25.
[5] Ibid., p.29.
[6] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.337.
[7] George Lavy, Germany and Israel: Moral Debt and National Interest (London: Frank Cass, 1996), p.7.
[8] Menachem Begin, White Nights: The Story of a Prisoner in Russia (New York: HarperCollins, 1979), p.265.
[9] Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.104.
[10] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.280.
[11] Seth M. Siegel, Let There Be Water: Israel's Solution for a Water-Starved World (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015), p.40.
[12] Seth M. Siegel, “50 Years Later, National Water Carrier Still an Inspiration,” Ynetnews.com (September 6, 2014), http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4528200,00.html[Last viewed on May 10, 2016].
[13] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 17 at 20: 15.
[14] Assaf Inbari, HaBaita (Tel Aviv: Yediyot Sefarim, 2009), pp.169—170, 178[Translations by Daniel Gordis].
[15] Elad Zeret, “Kastner's Killer: I Would Never Have Shot Him Today,” Ynetnews.com (October 29, 2014), http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4585767,00.html[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[16] Yossi Klein Halevi, Like Dreamers: The Story of the Israeli Paratroopers Who Reunited Jerusalem and Divided a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2013), p.42.
[17] Ari Shavit, My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013), pp.179—180.
[18] Lipstadt, The Eichmann Trial, p.34.
[19] David Ben-Gurion, “The Eichmann Case as Seen by Ben-Gurion,” New York Times (December 18, 1960), http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/12/18/99904385.html?pageNumber=182[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[20] Lipstadt, The Eichmann Trial, p.36.
[21] Ibid., p.53.
[22] Ibid., p.78.
[23] Ibid.
[24] Ibid., pp.97—98.
[25] Ibid.
[26] “Planet Auschwitz” (filmed testimony of Yehiel De-Nur at Eichmann trial), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0T9tZiKYl4.
[27] Oz Almog, The Sabra (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), p.84.
[28] Yair Lapid, trans. Evan Fallenberg, Memories After My Death: The Joseph (Tommy) Lapid Story (London: Elliott & Thompson Limited, 2011), pp.131—132.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Lipstadt, The Eichmann Trial, pp.80—81.
[31] Haim Hazaz, The Sermon and Other Stories (Jerusalem: Toby Press, 2005), p.237.
第十二章[1] Jewish Agency, “The Massive Immigration,” http://www.jewishagency.org/he/historical-aliyah/content/22097[Last viewed December 10, 2015][In Hebrew].
[2] 这首歌有很多翻译版本，这里是作者自己的译文。
[3] 2004年，拿俄米·舍莫尔临终前承认这首歌的旋律取自一首巴斯克摇篮曲。Tom Segev, “In Letter, Naomi Shemer Admitted Lifting‘Jerusalem of Gold'Tune,” Ha'aretz (May 5, 2005), http://www.haaretz.com/news/in-letter-naomi-shemer-admitted-lifting-jerusalem-of-gold-tune-1.157851[Last viewed December 8，2015].
[4] Yossi Klein Halevi, Like Dreamers: The Story of the Israeli Paratroopers Who Reunited Jerusalem and Divided a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2013), p.58.
[5] Ibid., p.31.
[6] Ibid., p.34.
[7] Michael B. Oren, Six Days of War: June1967and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p.63.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Ibid., p.368.
[10] Abba Eban, Abba Eban: An Autobiography (Lexington, MA: Plunkett Lake Press, 2015), Kindle Edition, Location 7223.
[11] Ibid., Location 7352.
[12] Oren, Six Days of War, p.133.
[13] Yehuda Avner, The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership (Jerusalem: Toby Press, 2010), p.148.
[14] Ibid.
[15] Oren, Six Days of War, p.132.
[16] Avner, The Prime Ministers, p.148.
[17] Oren, Six Days of War, p.134.
[18] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.377.
[19] Avraham Avi-hai, “The POSTman Knocks Twice: Yitzhak Rabin, Man of Contradictions,” Jerusalem Post (September 11, 2014), http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-POSTman-Knocks-Twice-Yitzhak-Rabin-man-of-contradictions-375134[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[20] Halevi, Like Dreamers, p.57.
[21] Samuel G. Freedman, Jew vs. Jew: The Struggle for the Soul of American Jewry (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p.164. Michael Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present (New York: W.W. Norton, 2007), p.536.
[22] Ibid., p.319.
[23] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.373.
[24] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.298.
[25] Avner, The Prime Ministers, p.135.
[26] Tom Segev, trans. Jessica Cohen, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), p.15.我对此处希伯来语的英译略有修改。
[27] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.378.
[28] 对该事件发生的时间和具体内容有不同的记录，读者可以比较沙皮拉、奥伦和吉尔伯特对该事件记录的差异。本书参考的是迈克尔·奥伦的版本。
[29] Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.126.
[30] Oren, Six Days of War, p.176.
[31] Avner, The Prime Ministers, pp.156—158.
[32] Halevi, Like Dreamers, p.69.
[33] Oren, Six Days of War, p.222.
[34] Ibid., p.88.
[35] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.391.
[36] Ibid., p.392.
[37] Ibid.
[38] Oren, Six Days of War, p.307.
[39] Gershom Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967—1977 (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p.2.
[40] Michael Oren, “Did Israel Want the Six Day War?,” Azure (Spring 5759/1999), p.49.
[41] Ibid., p.50.
[42] Ibid., p.51.
[43] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 19 at 20: 35.
[44] Tekumah, Episode 20 at 25: 45.
[45] Halevi, Like Dreamers, p.98.
第十三章[1] Yossi Klein Halevi, Like Dreamers: The Story of the Israeli Paratroopers Who Reunited Jerusalem and Divided a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2013), p.111.
[2] Gershom Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967—1977 (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p.86.
[3] Ibid., p.43.
[4] Ibid., p.85.
[5] Tsur Ehrlich, “Nathan the Wise,” Azure, No.28 (Spring 5767/2007), http://azure.org.il/include/print.php?id=445[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[6] Halevi, Like Dreamers, p.119.
[7] Translation of Leibowitz's letter, which is reproduced on numerous websites, by the author.
[8] Halevi, Like Dreamers, p.94.
[9] Ibid., p.152.
[10] Ibid., pp.140—142.
[11] Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire, p.113.
[12] Halevi, Like Dreamers, pp.145—146.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), p.335.
[15] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 14 at 4: 50.
[16] Halevi, Like Dreamers, pp.96—97.
[17] Ibid., p.101.
[18] Translation by the author.
[19] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.393.
[20] Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire, pp.61—62.
[21] Ghassan Kanafani, Palestine's Children: Returning toHaifa and Other Stories (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000), p.151.
[22] 网上有哈马斯宪章不同的翻译版本，本书参考的是犹太虚拟图书馆（Jewish Virtual Library）的译本。
[23] Mahmoud Darwish, “Identity Card,” http://www.barghouti.com/poets/darwish/bitaqa.asp.
[24] “The Khartoum Resolutions,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel (September 1, 1967), http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/the%20khartoum%20resolutions.aspx[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
第十四章[1] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.423.
[2] Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p.744.
[3] David Landau, Arik: The Life of Ariel Sharon (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), p.75.
[4] Ze'ev Schiff, A History of the Israeli Army: 1874 to the Present (London: Macmillan, 1985), p.246.
[5] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 9 at 36: 20.
[6] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), Kindle Edition, Locations 7794—7795.
[7] Sachar, A History of Israel, p.748.
[8] Tekumah, Episode 9 at 43: 18.
[9] William B. Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since1967 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2005), p.101.
[10] “Kissinger and Ismail Conduct Secret Meetings,” Center for Israel Education, http://israeled.org/kissinger-ismail-conduct-secret-meetings/[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[11] Quandt, Peace Process, p.455.
[12] Mordechai Bar-On, Moshe Dayan: Israel's Controversial Hero (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012), p.156.
[13] Tekumah, Episode 10 at 8: 07.
[14] Mitch Ginsburg, “Mossad's Tip-Off Ahead of Yom Kippur War Did Not Reach Prime Minister, Newly Released Papers Show,” Times of Israel (September 20, 2012), http://www.timesofisrael.com/newly-released-papers-detail-depth-of-mishandling-of-yom-kippur-war-warnings/[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[15] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.432.
[16] Landau, Arik, p.98.
[17] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), p.416.
[18] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.330.
[19] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.440.
[20] Herbert Druks, The Uncertain Alliance: The U. S. and Israel from Kennedy to the Peace Process (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), p.113.
[21] Amir Oren, “CIA Report on Yom Kippur War: Israel Had Nuclear Arsenal,” Ha'aretz (February 13, 2013), http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/cia-report-on-yom-kippur-war-israel-had-nuclear-arsenal.premium-1.501101[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[22] Tekumah, Episode 10 at 32: 00.
[23] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.442.
[24] Abraham Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East (New York: Schocken Books, 2004), p.497.
[25] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.460.
[26] Motti Regev and Edwin Seroussi, Popular Music and National Culture in Israel (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), p.67.
[27] Translation from the Hebrew by the author.
[28] Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, p.499.
[29] Robert Slater, Rabin: 20Years After (Israel: KIP-Kotarim International Publishing, 2015) .
[30] Tekumah, Episode 20 at 37: 55.
[31] Tekumah, Episode 7 at 45: 30.
[32] Assaf Inbari, HaBaita (Tel Aviv: Yediyot Sefarim, 2009), p.242[Translations by Daniel Gordis].
[33] 1982年的黎巴嫩战争算是例外，以色列军队和叙利亚军队进行了正面交锋，但没有发展成为两国之间的全面战争。
[34] Tekumah, Episode 13 at 11: 40.
[35] Gil Troy, Moynihan's Moment: America's Fight Against Zionism as Racism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p.18.
第十五章[1] Yehuda Avner, The PrimeMinisters: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership (Jerusalem: Toby Press, 2010), p.606.
[2] Ben Shalev, “Zohar Argov's Flower That Launched a Million Cassettes,” Ha'aretz (May 4, 2012), http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/zohar-argov-s-flower-that-launched-a-million-cassettes-1.428235[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[3] Nir Hasson, “Jerusalem Neighborhood to Name Streets in Honor of Mizrahi Black Panthers,” Ha'aretz (June 14, 2011), http://www.haaretz.com/jerusalem-neighborhood-to-name-streets-in-honor-of-mizrahi-black-panthers-1.369313[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[4] Albert Einstein, “New Palestine Poetry: Visit of Menachem Begin and Aims of Political Movement Discussed,” New York Times (December 4, 1948), https://archive.org/details/AlbertEinstein Letter To The New York Times. December 4 1948.
[5] 在第五届议会上，贝京提出应该逐步解除在以色列阿拉伯人生活区的军事法。他认为该法律侵犯了个人自由权，也违反了以色列国家的属性。他强调：“一个自由国家最基本的原则就是军事指挥官管理军人，平民管理平民。”Avi Shilon, trans. Danielle Zilberberg and Yoram Sharett, Menachem Begin：A Life (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), p.191.
[6] Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.88.
[7] Menachem Begin, trans. Shmuel Katz, ed. Ivan M. Greenberg, The Revolt: Story of the Irgun (Bnei-Brak, Israel: Steimatzky Group, 1952), p.78.
[8] Ned Temko, To Win or to Die: A Personal Portrait of Menachem Begin (New York: William Morrow, 1987), p.146.
[9] Anita Shapira, trans. Anthony Berris, Israel: A History (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012), p.357.
[10] Assaf Inbari, HaBaita (Tel Aviv: Yediyot Sefarim, 2009), p.248[Translations by Daniel Gordis].
[11] Israeli Broadcasting Authority (IBA), May 30, 1977. The Hebrew can be translated, equally correctly, either as “in the style of a good Jew,” or “in a good Jewish style.”
[12] Benjamin Beit Halachmi, Despair and Deliverance: Private Salvation in Contemporary Israel (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), p.55.
[13] Gordis, Menachem Begin, p.159.
[14] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.489.
[15] Shapira, trans. Berris, Israel: A History, p.367.
[16] Gordis, Menachem Begin, p.171.
[17] Ofer Grosbard, Menachem Begin: The Absent Leader (Haifa: Strategic Research and Policy Center, National Defense College, IDF, 2007), p.271.
[18] Mohamed Fadel Fahmy, “30 Years Later, Questions Remain Over Sadat Killing, Peace with Israel,” CNN (October 7, 2011), http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/06/world/meast/egypt-sadat-assassination/[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[19] 讽刺的是，大多数反对者都不是加沙居民。
[20] Gershom Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967—1977 (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p.361.
[21] Temko, To Win or to Die, p.198.
[22] Hal Brands and David Palkki, “Saddam, Israel, and the Bomb: Nuclear Alarmism Justified?” International Security, Vol.36, No.1 (Summer 2011), p.133.
[23] Ibid., p.146.
[24] “Israel's Illusion,” New York Times (June 9, 1981), http://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/09/opinion/israel-s-illusion.html[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[25] Gordis, Menachem Begin, p.192.
[26] Joseph Kraft, “For Begin, the End? He Should Be Voted Out for Raid That Further Isolates Israel,” Los Angeles Times (June 11, 1981) .
[27] “United Nations Security Council Resolution 487 (1981),” United Nations, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/36/a36r027.htm[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[28] Moshe Fuksman-Sha'al, ed., trans. Ruchie Avital, “Dick Cheney Letter to Menachem Begin,” Israel's Strike Against the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor7June1981 (Jerusalem: Menachem Begin Heritage Center, 2003), p.77.
[29] Dan Raviv and Yossi Melman, Spies Against Armageddon: The Mossad and the Intelligence Community (Israel: Yediot Ahronoth Books, 2012), p.334.
[30] Gadi Bloom and Nir Hefez, Ariel Sharon: A Life (New York: Random House, 2006), p.213.
[31] “Middle East: A Sabbath of Terror,” Time (March 20, 1978), http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919454,00.html.
[32] Avner, The Prime Ministers, p.606.
[33] Temko, To Win or to Die, pp.283—284.
[34] Thomas L. Friedman, From Beirut to Jerusalem (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989), p.162.
[35] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 20 at 45: 50. The speaker was Letty Cottin Pogrebin, editor ofMs.Magazine.
[36] Gadi Bloom and Nir Hefez, Ariel Sharon: A Life (New York: Random House, 2006), pp.246—247.
[37] Matti Friedman, Pumpkin Flowers: A Soldier's Story (Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 2016), p.188.
[38] 不少人提到以色列发射了照明弹，比如托马斯·弗里德曼，参见Thomas Friedman, From Beirut to Jerusalem，p.161。
[39] Nirit Anderman, “Israeli Film on Lebanon War 'Waltz with Bashir' Shown in Beirut,” Ha'aretz (January 21, 2009), http://www.haaretz.com/news/israeli-film-on-lebanon-war-waltz-with-bashir-shown-in-beirut-1.268524[Last viewed December 8, 2015].
[40] Dan Meridor, interview with the author, January 2, 2013.
[41] Michael B. Oren, Ally: My Journey Across the American-Israeli Divide (New York: Random House, 2015), p.27.
[42] Shilon, trans. Zilberberg and Sharett, Menachem Begin: A Life, pp.374—375.
第十六章[1] Ari Shavit, My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013), p.276.
[2] Ibid., p.278.
[3] Nathan Brown, Amr Hamzawy, and Marina Ottaway, “Islamist Movements and the Democratic Process in the Arab World: Exploring the Gray Zones,” Carnegie Papers, No.67 (March 2006), http://carnegieen-dowment.org/files/CP67.Brown.FINAL.pdf [Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[4] The Hamas Charter is widely available online. See, for example, http://www.acpr.org.il/resources/hamascharter.html.
[5] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Locations 13929—13937.
[6] Tekumah (Rebirth: The First Fifty Years), an Israeli television series, first broadcast 1998, Channel 1, Episode 18 at 3: 50.
[7] Tekumah, Episode 18 at 16: 25.
[8] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), pp.533—534.
[9] Morris, Righteous Victims, Location 6313.
[10] Ibid., Locations 14578—14596. See also http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/01/world/hussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeo-pardy-internal-ten-sions.html.
[11] Morris, Righteous Victims, Locations 14501—14503.
[12] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.538—539.
[13] Joel Greenberg, “Yeshayahu Leibowitz, 91, Iconoclastic Israeli Thinker,” New York Times (August 19, 1994), http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/19/obituaries/yeshayahu-leibowitz-91-iconoclastic-israeli-thinker.html[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[14] David Ellenson and Daniel Gordis, ed. Aron Rodrigue and Steven J. Zipperstein, Pledges of Jewish Allegiance: Conversion, Law, and Policymaking in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Orthodox Responsa (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012), pp.151—158.
[15] Howard M. Lenhoff and Jerry L. Weaver, Black Jews, Jews, and Other Heroes: How Grassroots Activism Led to the Rescue of the Ethiopian Jews (Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 2007), pp.42—43.
[16] Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), pp.144—145.
[17] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.552.
[18] Jeff Jacoby, “Would Rabin Have Pulled the Plug on a 'Peace Process' That Failed?” Boston Globe (October 22, 2015), http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/10/22/would-rabin-have-pulled-plug-peace-process-that-fai-led/fgHF1Y8bkh7leSbtgHfleL/story.html[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[19] Moshe Ya'alon, The Longer Shorter Way (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books, 2007) .p.82[In Hebrew]. Also discussed in English in David M. Weinberg, “Yitzhak Rabin Was 'Close to Stopping the Oslo Process,'” Jerusalem Post (October 17, 2013), http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Yitzhak-Rabin-was-close-to-stopping-the-Oslo-process-329064.
[20] Weinberg, “Yitzhak Rabin Was 'Close to Stopping the Oslo Process.'”
[21] Gilbert, Israel: A History, pp.569—570.
[22] Ibid., p.572.
[23] Ibid., p.584.
[24] Tekumah, Episode 22 at 00: 20.
[25] Ibid., p.587.
[26] Ibid.
第十七章[1] King Hussein's eulogy at Rabin's funeral, November 6, 1995. Transcript available at http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1995/pages/rabin%20funeral-%20eulogy%20by%20king%20hussein.aspx.
[2] “Clinton to Lead U. S. Delegation,” CNN (November 5, 1995), http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/rabin/clinton/index.html[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[3] Jeff Jacoby, “Would Rabin Have Pulled the Plug on a 'Peace Process' That Failed?” Boston Globe (October 22, 2015), http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/10/22/would-rabin-have-pulled-plug-peace-process-that-fai-led/fgHF1Y8bkh7leSbtgHfleL/story.html[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[4] Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), p.593.
[5] Matti Friedman, Pumpkin Flowers (Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 2016), p.155.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Ibid., p.181.
[8] “Dennis Ross and Gidi Grinstein, Reply by Hussein Agha and Robert Malley,” New York Review of Books (September 20, 2001), http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2001/sep/20/camp-david-an-exchange/[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[9] 对于谈判崩溃的原因，自然会有不同的看法。即使在以色列人中，有些学者也不接受Ross-Barak的解释，而是认为巴拉克负有责任。
[10] Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p.283.
[11] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881—2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), Kindle Edition, Locations 15878—15883.
[12] Dan Rabinowitz, “October 2000, Revisited,” Ha'aretz (October 19, 2004), http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/october-2000-revisited-1.137855[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[13] Jack Khoury, “Israeli Arabs Mark Fifteenth Anniversary of October 2000 Riots,” Ha'aretz (January10, 2015), http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.678344[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[14] Jewish National Fund, Tree Planting Center, http://www.jnf.org/support/tree-planting-center/.
[15] Bill Clinton, My Life (New York: Vintage Press, 2005), p.946.
[16] Ibid., pp.296—297.
[17] Dennis Ross, Doomed to Succeed: The U. S. -Israel Relationships from Truman to Obama (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), p.297.
[18] II Samuel 2: 26.
[19] Benny Morris, “Peace? No Chance,” Guardian (February 21, 2002), http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/feb/21/israel2[Last viewed January 10, 2016].
[20] Ross, Doomed to Succeed, p.312.
[21] Interview between Rachel Greenspan and Yossi KleinHalevi, December 15, 2015.
[22] Benny Morris, “Exposing Abbas,” National Interest (May 19, 2011), http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/exposing-abbas-5335[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[23] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.627.
[24] “Exchange of Letters Between PM Sharon and President Bush,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel website (April 14, 2004), http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/mfadocuments/pages/exchange%20of%20letters%20sharon-bush%2014-apr-2004.aspx[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[25] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.637.
[26] Ibid., p.638.
[27] Yagil Levy, The Hierarchy of Military Death, Open University of Israel (Lisbon, April 14—19, 2009), https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/2cfd87af-cab2-4374-b84d-eb03fbbc3cd1.pdf.11.
[28] Dan Senor and Saul Singer, Start-Up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle (New York: Twelve, 2012), p.15.
[29] The World Bank, “GDP Growth (annual%),” http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?page=1.
[30] Senor and Singer, Start-Up Nation, p.11.
[31] Ibid., pp.11, 13.
[32] Ibid., pp.11—12.
[33] Ibid., p.129.
[34] Ibid., p.181.
[35] Ibid., p.182.
[36] Manfred Gerstenfeld, The War of a Million Cuts: The Struggle Against the Delegitimization of Israel and the Jews, and the Growth of New Anti-Semitism (Jerusalem: JCPA, 2015), p.250.
[37] Daniel Freedman, “The World's Deadly Obsession with Israel,” Forbes (June 24, 2010), http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/23/israel-hamas-middle-east-opinions-columnists-daniel-freedman.html.
[38] Gerstenfeld, The War of a Million Cuts, pp.13—14.
[39] Joshua Muravchik, “Muslims and Terror: The Real Story,” Commentary (February 1, 2015), https://www.commentarymagazinecom/articles/muslims-and-terror-the-real-story-1/[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[40] “Human Rights Actions,” Human Rights Voices, http://www.humanrightsvoices.org/EYEontheUN/priorities/actions/body/?ua=1&ya=1&sa=1&tp=1[Last viewed January 10, 2016].
[41] Michal Navoth, “Israel's Relationship with the UN Human Rights Council: Is There Hope for Change?” Institute for Contemporary Affairs, No.601 (May—June 2014), http://jcpa.org/article/israels-relationship-un-human-rights-council/[Last viewed January 10, 2016].
[42] Irwin Cotler, “Israel and the United Nations,” Jerusalem Post (August 15, 2013), http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Israel-and-the-United-Nations-323252[Last viewed January 10, 2016].
[43] Gerstenfeld, The War of a Million Cuts, p.254.
[44] Ibid.
[45] Richard Kemp, “The U. N.'s Gaza Report Is Flawed and Dangerous,” http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/opinion/the-uns-gaza-report-is-flawed-and-dangerous.html.
[46] Ibid.
[47] Samantha Power, Remarks at the Israel Middle East Model United Nations Conference on “Building a More Model UN,” transcript (February 15, 2016), http://usun.state.gov/remarks/7138[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[48] Robert L. Bernstein, “Rights Watchdog, Lost in the Mideast,” New York Times (October19, 2009), http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/20/opinion/20bernstein.html[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[49] The Forward and Nathan Guttman, “Want to Delegitimize Israel? Be Careful Who You Mess With,” Ha'aretz (April 13, 2010), http://www.haaretz.com/news/want-to-delegitimize-israel-be-careful-who-you-mess-with-1.284184[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[50] Gerstenfeld, The War of a Million Cuts, p.252.
[51] Aron Heller, “Western Europe Jewish Migration to Israel Hits All-Time High,” AssociatedPress (January14, 2016), http://bigstory.ap.org/article/164bbc1445aa42fc883ee85e4439523a/western-europe-jewish-migration-israel-hits-all-time-high[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[52] David Makovsky, “The Silent Strike: How Israel Bombed a Syrian Nuclear Installation and Kept It Secret,” New Yorker (September 17, 2012), http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/09/17/the-silent-strike[LastviewedJanuary10, 2016].
[53] Gilbert, Israel: A History, p.635.
[54] “PM Says Iran's Chief of Staff Vowed Sunday to Eliminate Israel,” Times of Israel (May 21, 2012), http://www.timesofisrael.com/pm-says-irans-chief-of-staff-vowed-sunday-to-eliminate-israel/[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[55] Henry Kissinger and George P. Shultz, “The Iran Deal and Its Consequences,” Wall Street Journal (April 7, 2015), http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-iran-deal-and-its-consequences-1428447582[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[56] Michael B. Oren, Ally: My Journey Across the American-Israeli Divide (New York: Random House, 2015), p.360.
[57] Ibid., p.183.
第十八章[1] Rami Kleinstein, “Small Gifts,” on the album of the same name. First verse. Translation is mine.
[2] “Israel Election Updates Yesh Atid to Announce Openly Gay Candidate,” Ha'aretz (January 26, 2015), http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/1.639040[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[3] This translation of Calderon's speech is taken from Ruth Calderon, “The Heritage of All Israel,” Jewish Week (February 14, 2013), http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/opinion/heritage-all-israel#tz8I4YxxRBluZ53i.99[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[4] The phrase is Paul Cowan's. Paul Cowan, An Orphan in History: One Man's Triumphant Search for His Jewish Roots (Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2002) .
[5] Yair Lapid, trans. Evan Fallenberg, Memories After My Death: The Joseph (Tommy) Lapid Story (London: Elliott & Thompson Limited, 2011), p.23.
[6] Malka Shaked, I'll Play You Forever: The Bible in Modern Hebrew Poetry (Tel Aviv: Yediot Achronot, 2005) .
[7] Ruth Gavison, “No 'Israeliness' Instead of 'Jewishness,'” Liberal Magazine, Vol.15 (January2015), http://theliberal.co.il/ruth-gavison-israeliness-instead-jewishness/[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[8] Meir Buzaglo, Safa La-Ne'emanim[Hebrew].A Language for the Faithful: Reflection on Tradition (Tel Aviv and Jerusalem: Keter Publishing and Mandel Foundation, 2009) .
[9] Robert Alter, ed., The Poetry of Yehuda Amichai (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), p.299.
[10] Elli Fischer, “Why I Defy the Israeli Chief Rabbinate,” Jewish Review of Books (Winter 2016), https://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1917/why-i-defy-the-israeli-chief-rabbinate/.
[11] Akiva Eldar, “Border Control Getting in a State Over the UN Vote,” Ha'aretz (September13, 2011), http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/border-control-getting-in-a-state-over-the-un-vote-1.384135[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[12] “Israel's Haredi Population: Progress and Challenges,” Myers-JDC-Brookdale (October 2015), http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Israels-Haredi-Population-2015-10-FINAL.pdf[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[13] Gwen Ackerman and Alisa Odenheimer, “Israel Prosperity Seen Unsustainable as Haredim Refuse to Work,” Bloomberg Business (August 2, 2010), http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-08-01/israel-prosperity-seen-unsustainable-as-haredim-refusal-to-work-takes-toll[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[14] Jessica Steinberg, “TVshow 'Shtisel' Subtly Changes Ultra-Orthodox Perceptions,” Times of Israel (January 13, 2016), http://www.timesofisrael.com/tv-show-shtisel-subtly-changes-ultra-orthodox-perceptions/[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[15] Noah Feldman, “Violence in the Name of the Messiah,” Bloomberg View (November 1, 2015), http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-01/violence-in-the-name-of-the-messiah[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[16] The Forward and Daniel Estrin, “The King's Torah: A Rabbinic Text or a Call to Terror?” Ha'aretz (January 22, 2010), http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2.209/the-king-s-torah-a-rabbinic-text-or-a-call-to-terror-1.261930[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
[17] Jeremy Sharon, “'Torat Hamelech' Authors Will Not Be Indicted,” Jerusalem Post (May 28, 2012), http://www.jpost.com/National-News/A-G-Torat-Hamelech-authors-will-not-be-indicted[Last viewed December 9, 2015].
结语[1] Ari Shavit, My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013), p.419.
[2] “Israel Turns 68 with 8.5 Million People, 10 Times More Than in 1948,” Times of Israel (May 9, 2016), http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-turns-68-with-8-5-million-people-10-times-more-than-in-1948/.
[3] Barbara Tuchman, “Israel: Land of Unlimited Impossibilities,” inPracticing History (New York: Ballantine Books, 1981), p.134.
[4] Vice President Joe Biden, “Remarks by Vice President Biden: The Enduring Partnership Between the United States and Israel” (March 11, 2010), White House, Office of the Vice President, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-vice-president-biden-enduring-partnership-between-united-states-and-israel[Last viewed December 7, 2015].
[5] Charles Krauthammer, “At Last, Zion,” Jewish Ideas Daily (September 21, 2012), http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/5057/features/at-last-zion/[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[6] Jewish National Fund, “Forestry & Green Innovations,” http://www.jnf.org/work-we-do/our-projects/forestry-ecology/[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[7] Richard Kemp, “The U. N.'s Gaza Report Is Flawed and Dangerous,” New York Times (June 25 2010), http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/opinion/the-uns-gaza-report-is-flawed-and-dangerous.html; Samantha Power, Remarks at theIsrael Middle East Model United Nations Conference on “Building a More Model UN,” transcript (February 15, 2016), http://usun.state.gov/remarks/7138[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[8] Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015, http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2015.html[Last viewed August 10, 2016].
[9] “Speech by Jimmy Carter on White House Lawn, Washington, D. C., July 19, 1977.” Cited in Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.143.
[10] “Speech by Menachem Begin on White House Lawn, Washington, D. C., July 19, 1977.” Cited in Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2014), p.143.
[11] Martin Kramer, “Fouad Ajami Goes to Israel,” Mosaic (January 8, 2015), http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/01/fouad-ajami-goes-to-israel/[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[12] Fouad Ajami, “A Reality Check as Israel Turns 60,” U. S. News & World Report (May 7, 2008), http://www.usnews.com/opinion/fajami/articles/2008/05/07/a-reality-check-as-israel-turns-60[Last viewed March 23, 2016].
[13] Tsur Ehrlich, “Nathan the Wise,” Azure, No.28 (Spring 5767/2007), p.77, http://azure.org.il/include/print.php?id=445[Last viewed May 1, 2016].